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1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
這樣非個(gè)人的對(duì)資金和產(chǎn)業(yè)的巨大操縱極大地增加了股東的數(shù)量和他們作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的重要性，這些資金代表著國(guó)民生計(jì)中以不負(fù)責(zé)任手段獲取的財(cái)富。他們不但沒(méi)有負(fù)起土地?fù)碛姓叩呢?zé)任，而且也幾乎同樣沒(méi)有負(fù)起作為公司管理者的責(zé)任。
2. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本這樣的城鎮(zhèn)大批涌現(xiàn)，給大量"享受主義"階級(jí)提供居住場(chǎng)所。這些人早年賺得了豐厚的收入，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)退休。他們除了分紅和偶爾參加一下股東大會(huì)，向管理層口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社區(qū)的其他階層毫無(wú)瓜葛。
3. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
這樣的"股東"對(duì)他擁有股份的公司所雇用的工人們的生活、思想和需求一無(wú)所知，而且他們對(duì)勞資雙方的關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的影響并不是積極的。
4. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
公司花錢(qián)雇來(lái)的職業(yè)經(jīng)理人與工人以及他們需求的關(guān)系更加直接，但是就連他對(duì)工人們的了解也往往并不是私人間的了解。而在現(xiàn)在正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長(zhǎng)式的制度下，雇主們卻往往和他們的工人之間有這樣的私人關(guān)系。
5. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
在許多形成因素當(dāng)中，我將單獨(dú)討論我們國(guó)家優(yōu)秀的小學(xué)教育，其他因素有：善于學(xué)習(xí)新技術(shù)的勞動(dòng)者們：獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)發(fā)明者的做法；還有最重要的因素，是美國(guó)人對(duì)技術(shù)非言語(yǔ)的、發(fā)散的思維的天賦。 |
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發(fā)表于 2013-8-9 18:33:25
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